hawley



B. 11. HAWLEY., KILN.

NG. 107,612. Pam-1111911 sept. 20, 1870.

i matted tant BENJAMIN R. HAWLEY, 0F NORMAL, ILLINOIS.

Letters Patent No. 107,612, dctcdScpteigtber 20, 1870.-

IMPROVEMENT IN KILNS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, BENJAMIN 1t. HAWLEY, ofNormal, in the county of McLean and in' the State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns; and do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing and to theletters of reference marked thereon, making a part of thisspecification.

The nature of my invention consists in tue conl struction andarrangement ofa kiln for burning brick,

lime, stone-ware, china-ware, or anything where an even temperature isdesired; and, also, for utilizing.

Second, to 'pass the water-smoke, as it is called,

ofi` by a downward flow, in place of upward, putting it eiectually outof .the way, so as not to .retard or trouble in burning. v

Third, to allow the use of any kind of fuel, hard or soft coal beingjust as well as wood, and all reducing the cost atleast fifty per cent.

Fourth, to utilize the heat always remaining'iu a kiln just burned,so asto dry out or take off the water-smoke from the next kiln.

In order 'to enable others skilled in the art to which my inventionappertains to make and use the-same, I will now proceed to describe itsconstruction and operation, referriug to the annexed drawing, in which-Figure 1 is a ground plan of the building, showing four apartments orkilns, A A, with two furnaces, B B, each' furnace supplying two kilns,and all the kilns beingconnected with one central smoke-stack, O,through the openings c a.

Figure`2 is a longitudinal vertical section, cutting the buildingthrough line a; x, iig. 1,- showing iire-box or furnace B and doublewall b, surrounding the same,

leaving an air-chamber, D, around the {ire-box, de- Y.

signed to supply air for combustion.

The air is drawn downward from the flue d through the air-chamber D,under the gratos, .the usual opening into ash-pit being; of course, keptclosed. This device is designed to accomplish two things iirst, to causea currcntof cold air to inipinge against the top arch of the tire-pot,so as to keep its temperature below a meltingheat, and thus. preservethe wall; and, second, to supply heated air for combustion, and thus beable thereby to burn all the gases or smoke.

This figure also shows the' open brick oor'j, in each kiln, .to allowheat to pass to the bottom of kiln; y

Figure 3 isalso a longitudinal vertical section, cnt. ting iig. 1throughline y y, just back of lire-box, and showing the passages for theheated air and smoke to pass into and through the`kiln.

e e-are these passages from the fire-box .B into the kilns, at the top;and

a a, the passages at the bottom, from the kilns to the smoke-stack G.

Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section of one end of a kiln, cut atthe center of ire'-box,as seen by line z z, fig. 1, showing opening e,from lire-box into kiln, and opening a., from kiln into Ismoke-stack.

' v :Figure 5 is also a, transverse vertical section of back end of onekiln, cutting fig. 1, at line 1 2, showing the Figure 6 is a horizontalsection, one side cutting the kiln just above the floor, through line 34, iig. 2, showing openings a a, with their dampers a a', intosmoke-stack G. i

The other side cuts the building through line 5A 6, tig. 2, showing.openings e e, with dampers, e e', for the same. f

The theory of this kiln is founded upon the common natural law ofgravity in fluids, air among the rest. We say of water, that it seeksits level, and when at a level, and still, we always find the warmestat' top and the coolest at bottom. The application of this law to heatedand rapidly-flowing air has not been fully appreciated; but it is justas true in its action, under -a temperature of 1000o or 2000OFahrenheit, as from 1 to 100o Therefore, if we wish to cook, bake, orburn any article whatever in a room, small or large, what would this lawindicate? As it is very desirable that allparts of the kiln should burnalike, the kiln must be made perfectly tight, and particularly so at thetop, as the hottest air must rise. An

opening, e, is then made, to admit the heat or re, at

one end, just below the ceiling. Another opening, a, is then made out ofthe room, at the'bcttom, and connected with a smoke-stack, C.

The fire is built entirely outside the kiln, and arranged so that, whenthe 'heat rises, it must enter the room at the top, and by its gravityit will iiow along the entire ceiling, and then come down in a stratum,covering the entire room, just in proportion to its temperatura', thecoldest always at the bottom, and when it comes to the bottom, it stillbeing much above the temperature of the external air, the same lawcarries it up the stack to the outer world again. v

lt will now be observed that the heat of one kiln is utilized in theother by opening the connections at o e, between the two kilns at thetop, one kiln being hot and the other cold. The outlet a from the bottomof the hot kiln being closed, and then an opening, n, made under thebottom of the hot kiln, to admit cold air, by the same law it owsoverthe ent-ire floor,l

1. The combination and arrangement of the `kiln A, furnace B, partitionb, perforated bottom f, and'chimney or smoke-stack C, all constructedsubstantially as shown and described, and for the purposes-set forth.

2. The method herein described of utilizing the heat of kiln alreadyburned, by introducing cold air below the heated mass, and passing theheated air, as it rises above the body ot' the heated material at thetop of hot kiln A, by openings -or connections, into the top ofadjoining kiln, filled with green, dried, o1` not burned material, andpassing it downward through said material, substantially as described. y

3. The air-chamber D, s'urrouuding'the fire-boit B, substantially as andfor the purposes herein set forth.

4. The arrangement of the four kilns, A A, with the two furnaces, B B,openings a a and e e, dampers a a. and e e', and smoke-stack O, allsubstantially as shown and described, and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that- I claim the foregoing, I have hereunto set my handthis'lst day of August, 1870.

Witnesses: B. R. HAWLEY.

EDM. F. BROWN, C. L. EVENE.

